The ‘Mars effect’ identified by Gauquelin is controversial, and has been challenged by various studies. The present study reanlyses French data (Benski et al ‘The Mars Effect’: A French Test of Over 1000 Sports Champions. Amherst NY: Prometheus) which, apparently, rejected the Mars hypothesis. The French data included 1,066 sports champions obtained from studying two biographical sources. Mathematical calculations by the Dutch statistician Nienhuys corrected for the effect of a wrong expectancy.
Ertel further investigates the possibility that some of the sports champions were not eminent enough to be included for study, since their names were listed in only one of the biographies of eminent sports people (this posssiblity was investigated by CFEPP for only 2 of 36 sports disciplines). Ertel identifies “supreme eminence” of some 300 sports champions, in that they were listed in both biographical sources. These men and women did indicate a statistically significant Mars effect (p = .02). Ertel then asked various researchers to check his data and calculations. Six scholars responded and all confirmed Ertel’s data counts. Four of these experts also confirmed Ertel’s statistical model and calculations.

After covering the relations bewteen neo-astrology and various branches of science, the author discusses the present and possible impact of astrology and astrological research on those disciplines which study science itself. Some of the current literature is considered and the paper concludes by reviewing the current state of the “Mars effect” controversy, and its implications.

Following the collapse of Communism in Russia in the early 1990s there has been a surge in religious interest and observance. However, because of many decades of atheistic indoctrination, knowledge of religion is poor and many people instead are turning to a variety of mystical and new age belief systems. There has been a considerable rise in interest in astrology, as ordinary people explore a variety of new age and metaphysical beliefs.

This study replicates work of Mayo, White & Eysenck (Journal of Social Psychology, 1978, 105, 229-236) and confirmed the astrological proposition that those born with the sun in a positive sign (Aries, Gemini, Leo, Libra, Sagittarius, Aquaries) are extraverted, and those with the sun in a negative sign (Taurus, Cancer, Virgo, Scorpio, Capricorn, Pisces) are inroverted. This result was indeed found, but only with subjects who had astrological interests, and consulted sun sign horoscopes regularly. The author suggests that there may be a self-attribution process, although a true astrological effect cannot be disproved with these data. It is concluded however that ‘selective self-attribution’ based on regular consultation of sun sign horoscopes is the most likely explanation.
The author does not comment on one interesting implication of this finding: that normative data on psychological constructs such as introversion-extraversion could reflect self-perception based on external cues (reading horoscopes), a variable not usually measured in personality research.

Studies linking phases of the full moon to violence have provided mixed findings, and the most recent studies have failed to show any connections. In this study inpatients admitted over 5 years to a psychiatric hospital in Northern Sydney were studied, and degree of violence was measured daily by a standardised schedule. No significant link was found beteen violence and aggression, and any phase of the moon, despite the fact that many health workers continue to believe that such a link exists.

Reviewing literature published in the past 50 years, the authors find no support for the traditional idea that moon phases are associated with psychiatric dusturbance. The authors propose that modern findings can be reconciled with traditional beliefs through the mechanism of sleep deprivation which was caused by brilliant noctural light during the full moon. Today’s populations are largely shielded from this lunar effect by modern housing and lighting conditions. But the partial sleep deprivation caused by the brilliance of the moon would, according to modern neuropsychiatric studies, have been sufficient to precipitate mania in people with this underlying disposition, and seizures in individuals with the vulnerability fo seizure disorder. The authors proposed experimental possibilities for the validation of their sleep deprivation hypothesis.

The medical astrologers of ancient Greece: the iatromathematici, and the later European physician-astrologers, assumed a correlation between events in the heavens and those on earth that was relevant for both health and diseases.
Some of the early practitioners of modern scientific medicine did the same under the aegis of what we might term, proto-cosmobiology, though none would provide an adequate mechanism to explain the nature of the link they believed existed between the skies and ourselves.
Within the discovery and elucidation of the pineal gland’s functions in the mid twentieth century, which are discussed in detail, we can now to a greater extent explain in conventional scientific terms how those influences of the sun, moon and planets and other celestial phenomenon studied by the early iatromathematici and early cosmobiologists can, and do, affect us.

From the conclusions on KI-37, after reviewing a variety of studies which have attempted to disprove Gauquelin’s findings:

“So forty years after Michel Gauquelin first announced the discovery of his planetary effects to the world, and twenty seven years after the beginning of the Mars effect controversy, we see Gauquelin’s findings are essentially as he specified them in his first two books. The sideshow of the controversy continues even as I write this, but the voice of the debunker hustling his own version of the truth is like a carnival barker and beginning to crack.”

Studies of astrology with univariate statistical designs have yielded inconclusive results. This thesis proposes the use of a multidimensional statistical model to examine astronomical concomitancies of human behavior

Birth data for the study were obtained from Alcoholics Anonymous members (n = 53) and a sample of the general population of Michigan (n = 217). The model was evaluated with these data using Discriminant Function Analysis. Hypotheses derived from the model were supported for group centroids (p < .00001) and group covariances (p < .03). The resulting function correctly classified 80.7 percent of the data from which it was derived (p < 10-16). The function also correctly classified 72.2 percent of a second sample (n = 230) of Michigan births (p < 10-10). By comparison, T-tests using the same data found 9.4 percent of the variables significant at the .05 level (p < .05). The findings support the use of a multidimensional model to evaluate astrological hypotheses about human behavior.

From the Conclusion on p. SE46:

“The Mars effect, having shaken off three skeptics’ attacks, needs to be reassessed by those who failed to disarm it. For the skeptic committees this should not pose much of a problem. They merely need to live up to their own principles of ‘methodological skepticism’ … The present study has shown that the results do survive all rechecks. Are the researchers now ready to accept planetary correlations as an objective for science?”

Ertel’s argument is that when the new studies by the skeptics are carefully considered and interpreted, Gauquelin’s original findings are supported.